Friday, January 24, 2020
Zara Fashion :: essays research papers
ZARA Fashion 1)à à à à à With which of the international competitors listed in the case is it most interesting to compare Inditexà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s financial results? Why? What do comparisons indicate about Inditexà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s relative operating economics? Its relative capital efficiency? Note that while the electronic version of Exhibit 6 automates some of the comparisons, you will probably want to dig further into them? The four companies shown above have very different business models. Inditex owned much of the production and most of its stores. Inditex is thus a vertically integrated company. This made Inditex gain a competitive advantage, which is quick response to the market requirements. On the other hand, The Gap and H&M have a different business model. They owned most of the stores, but outsourced all the production. Benetton had a third business model. It invested heavily in the production, but licensees ran its stores. The most interesting company to compare Inditex is The Gap. Although The Gap has much higher revenues than Inditex (almost five times Inditex), it incurred a net loss, as opposed to Inditex, which achieved a 23%, return in investment. This is due to the extremely high costs of good sold for The Gap. This could be caused -at least partially- by the complete outsourcing of the production. They do not have enough control over the production costs. Although The Gap has larger market share than Inditex and has equity almost double that of Inditex, Inditex is much more profitable. 2)à à à à à 2) How specifically do the distinctive features of Zaraà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s business model affect its operating economics? Specifically, compare Zara with an average retailer with similar posted prices. In convenient to assume that on average, retail selling prices are about twice as high as manufacturersà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢ selling prices. Zara sources fabric, other inputs, and finished products from external suppliers. It has purchasing offices in Barcelona and Hong Kong. This gives Zara a competitive advantage towards the costs of goods sold, as it can purchase from both Europe and Asia according to prices. Buying more from China in the future might reduce even more the costs of goods sold. Inditex fully owns Comditel that managed dyeing, patterning and finishing of grey fabric of Inditexà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s chains, and supplied finished fabric to external as well as in-house manufacturers. This gave Zara further competitive advantage, in terms of both cost and control. Inditex also fully owned 20 factories for internal manufacture. These factories apply just-in-time production (JIT). Again, this gave Zara further competitive advantage, in terms of both cost and control.
Wednesday, January 15, 2020
American Revolution: Loyalist Believed Patriots, James Chalmers Plain Truth
In the years prior to the American Revolution there were many different perspectives on whether the colonies should fight for their independence, or remain loyal to England and attempt to repair their relationship. The loyalists, who were mostly royal governors and officials in the colonies, believed that the talk of separation from Britain was a waste of time as it seemed impossible at the time. They also believed that the colonies still owed Britain a great debt due to their support in helping win the French and Indian War.Most loyalists believed that the colonies could not survive on their own as they depended just as much, if not more, on Great Britain as they did the colonies. The opposing perspective came from the group of people know as the patriots, who supported colonial independence from England. Many believed strongly in this fight for liberty and went to great measures to express their beliefs and have their voices heard.These people disagreed with the taxes being instill ed on the colonies without proper representation, and believed that Parliament and the King were unfit to rule the colonies as such a great distance separated each country and their governments. Both sides had their arguments as to why fighting for independence or remaining loyal to Britain was the right choice, and using these arguments, attracted many people to join each of their sides.Plain Truth was an article written by James Chalmers in 1776 which was essentially an angry response to Thomas Paineââ¬â¢s Common Sense that was published shortly before. In seventy pages, Chalmers wrote anything he could think of to tear down Common Sense. His main fault was in his writing, as it was directed at the more educated men and women, who at the time were mostly loyalists already, unlike Common Sense which was written very simply in order to be read and understood by even the uneducated.His main opposition to Paine were his views on democracy. Paine had a strong desire for democracy, u nlike many of the other Patriots that Chalmers disagreed with wholeheartedly. He refers to the short-lived democracies of Greece and Rome, comparing them to what he believes will be the outcome of a future American democracy, resulting in war and ruins. He briefly reminds the colonists of their debt to England due to their support in the French and Indian War, but as this is clear to most colonists, a strong argument is unnecessary.Chalmersââ¬â¢ biggest loyalist argument is that the colonists just simply could not win a war against Britain alone, which was very true. He saw it illogical for Spain or France to assist the colonists in their fight for independence in fear of directing ideas of revolution to their own royal colonies. Although many of the ideas expressed in Plain Truth are true, his lack of simple writing and invalid arguments could not have attracted nearly as many supporters as Thomas Paineââ¬â¢s Common Sense.à (New, Christopher)ââ¬Å"Of the Natural Rights of Colonistsâ⬠describes the views of African Americans on the American Revolution and the patriotsââ¬â¢ desire for independence. In this piece of writing, the African Americans compare the relationship between Great Britain and the colonies to the relationship between a slave and his or her master. They emphasize that every person, no matter who they are, what they look like, or where they came from, is born with liberty and their own God-given rights.Just as a slave has those rights ripped away from them by their master, they believe that the colonists are being stripped of their rights by England as well. Obviously being against slavery or anything similar, the African Americans who contributed to this piece of writing are supporters of the fight for independence and patriots. Comparing the colonies to slavery really emphasizes that they believe they are being treated unfairly and deserve the rights they were born with.This piece of writing would have attracted many patriot supporters, as its arguments were truthful and relevant. (ââ¬Å"Of the Natural Rights of the Colonistsâ⬠) Patrick Henry, in his piece Liberty or Death, describes all of the things the colonies have done to try and peacefully repair their relationship with Great Britain, and how each one was ignored. He explains how war is not something they want, but after nothing else has worked, it seems to be the only possible solution.After countless protests, petitions and even pleading before the King, all had been ignored. Henry enthusiastically describes the need for war, as they will no sooner give up their liberty willingly than they will die. It is clear that Patrick Henry is a strong supporter of the fight for independence from Greta Britain and a strong patriot leader as well. This piece, describing Englandââ¬â¢s refusal to compromise with the colonists pleading requests surely brought upon many patriot supporters who agreed that war was the only option left.à (Henry, Patrick )Each of these views, both loyalists and patriots has a different argument as to why the colonies should either attempt to repair their relationship with England, or fight for independence. The patriots felt that England, by controlling them, was taking away the rights that they were born with, just as masters strip slaves of their rights. They also believed that they had no other option at this point, as England was not being the least bit cooperative and had ignored all protests and pleading prior.Loyalists believed that the fight for independence would essentially end in unnecessary deaths on both parts, as they believed it was impossible for the colonists to win against the English. They were skeptical of the government that American independence would produce, as past democracies in history had all ended in ruins. Each side has many arguments that divided the colonists based on their beliefs. It is clear that each side has attracted many supporters, but in the end, the Patriots turned out superior.
Tuesday, January 7, 2020
History of Death Penalty in Texas - 2397 Words
History of the Death Penalty in Texas During the historical era in the state of Texas, the use of the death penalty was common and frequent; before 1923 districts carried out executions themselves, in the form of hanging. However in 1923 the state of Texas prepared every execution to be carried out by the state in Huntsville using the electric chair as the method of execution. The state of Texas put to death their first prisoner by electrocution on February 8, 1924 and there were four more executions following the very first one on that date. The inmates that were sentenced to death and the areas that the executions were taken place were located in the Huntsville division from 1928 to 1965, and the last electrocution was carried out onâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦With this being said in 2001 the legislature passed a law assuring DNA testing to any damned inmates whose innocence could possibly be protected as a consequence. Since the numbers of execution has declined per year from the high 30ââ¬â¢s to the low 20â⬠â¢s but this doesnââ¬â¢t have anything to with the advancement in the use of DNA. Furthermore, in 2005 the Supreme Court limited the claim of capital punishment when it ruled that inmates who committed capital offenses when they were a minor could not be put to death. Also Texas altered the law so that the prison term for capital murders would be life in prison and ineligible for parole instead of the death penalty; by using this method the outcome that would reflect less inmates being placed on death row and more inmates serving life. This method worked and usually jurors would send about 30 inmates to death row a year, however with the change in the law the jurors on send about 15 inmates to death row. As a result, the residents of death row have declined from 446 prisoners at the beginning of 2005 to 354 inmates at the beginning of 2009. The amount of prisoners presently on death row is the lowest it has been since 1992 (Carson). Current Law In the state of Texas the current law still remains the same, the local courts have authority every illegal felony case. If a person is found guilty of a capital felony, they may be sentence by death, if the State wanted punishment of that nature. Examples ofShow MoreRelatedThe Death Penalty Should Not Be Legal871 Words à |à 4 PagesThere are currently over 16,000 people legally sentenced to death worldwide. The State of Texas has 271 people on death row, the third most in America, but has executed the most people in the country. Twenty-five people have been executed this year in the U.S.; twelve of those have been executed in Texas (Facts). The death penalty must be abrogated because it is an ineffective, antiquated, and expensive form of punishment. Punishment by death has been around since Babylonian times, when the Code ofRead MoreCapital Punishment : An Ultimate Torture Method Essay1352 Words à |à 6 Pages Capital punishment has been used as a penalty for criminal behavior for many years; however, itsââ¬â¢ utilization has not been constant throughout American history. The basis of capital punishment has undergone a number of changes and improvements in the past, essentially alternating in and out of public favor. At itsââ¬â¢ start, capital punishment was ultimately used as a means of torture. Criminals were bludgeoned, boiled, burned, torn apart by animals, etc.ââ¬âit was an ultimate torture method. ThroughoutRead MoreDeath Penalty Is Unethical And Waste Of Millions969 Words à |à 4 PagesDeath Penalty The death penalty how much does society really knows or understand about the process? Many people view the death penalty a justice ââ¬Å"an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.â⬠They it is justice and feels safe because of the option of the death penalty; however, most do not really know much about the process of executing a death row inmate, how much more the death penalty cost comparing with keeping an inmate in prison for life without parole. The death penalty is unethical and wasteRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is An Ethical Practice1111 Words à |à 5 PagesEnglish II - 6th 4 April 2016 The Death Penalty According to the Death Penalty Information Center, there has been a total of 1,434 executions since 1978 (Part I). The death penalty is the penalization of execution, administered to someone legally convicted of a capital crime (Part I). According to DPIC, there are 5 ways to do execution. Lethal injection (1977), electric chair (1888), gas chamber (1924), hanging (1890), and the firing squad (2010) all have a history of their own (Part I). These differentRead MoreEssay on Preserve or Outlaw?1731 Words à |à 7 PagesCapital punishment has been one of the most controversial issues in American history. Its complex history demonstrates how controversial the subject is. Capital punishment is the verdict of execution as a punishment for a person or persons convicted of committing a crime. In 1972, the Supreme Court determined that capital punishment violated the 8th Amendment of the United States Constitutionââ¬â¢s prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment. However, this ruling di d not last for long. In 1976, the courtRead MoreIs it Fair to Leave Capital Punishment Decisions to the States?1136 Words à |à 5 Pageswhether the death penalty is acceptable. Since the death penalty is currently not considered cruel and unusual punishment according to the U.S. Supreme Court, it is within the rights of individual states to make decisions about its application. The U.S. now houses three sorts of jurisdictions: states without the death penalty by law (abolitionist states), states with the death penalty but insignificant numbers of executions (symbolic states), and states with both the death penalty in law andRead MoreJust Kill Em? Essay1431 Words à |à 6 PagesJust Kill ââ¬ËEm? The United States has a long history with the death penalty. The ââ¬Å"first recorded execution was in Jamestown in 1608â⬠(ââ¬Å"Death Penalty in Americaâ⬠259). Since then, thirty five states have continued to use the death penalty. Now it can be considered a normal punishment and many people feel strongly about it, but maybe we should forget what we have done in the past and take a second look. The death penalty should not be used in the United States because it is too expensive, affectsRead MoreThe Death Penalty Was The Babylonian King Hammurabi1539 Words à |à 7 PagesName: Victoria Ming Topic: The Death Penalty I. Intro/Background A. History: 1. An early supporter of the death penalty was the Babylonian King Hammurabi. In his set of laws, he set the legal punishment ââ¬Å"an eye for an eyeâ⬠. This popular phrase was used to punish criminals with death for 25 crimes, although murder was not one of them. 2. By the 10th Century BC, hanging, drowning, boiling, and burning, were added as ways for punishing simple crimes, or even for actions that today would not be consideredRead MoreThe Capital Punishment Is Important For Consideration Is Intergovernmental Relations1423 Words à |à 6 Pagesmaximum security versus putting a criminal to death. I will compare the difference between California, Texas and Florida and how it costs these three states so much money to keep their death penalty policy active. Finally, I will provide recommendations in regards to the implementation of the death penalty. According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the execution of an offender sentence to death after a conviction by a court of law of a criminalRead MoreDeath Penalty: Time for Change Essay570 Words à |à 3 PagesOnce a popular punishment for crime has now become one of the most controversial forms of punishment. The death penalty has been abolished in most civilized nations around the world and states in America are now reanalyzing this method of punishment. There are many critics of the death penalty that find this practice of punishment barbaric and uncivilized. There are however, many that still hold that the biblical verse of Exodus 21:23-24 ââ¬Å"But if there is serious injury, you are to take life for
Monday, December 30, 2019
Welfare Reform Promoting Personal Responsibility And...
Welfare Reform: Promoting Personal Responsibility and Serving the Needs of the PoorIntroductionDuring Bill Clintonââ¬â¢s campaign for Presidency in 1992, he promised Americans that he would make it his priority to end welfare as we know it (Clinton). This goal was made in response to the increase of public pressure to reform a system that many believed had become wasteful and ineffective. In response to this criticism, Clinton called attention to the importance of work instead of dependency on the government. He followed through with his promises and effectively transformed welfare programs unlike any other president. He took a system that was known for its long-term dependency and transformed it to help people become self-supporting. In thisâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Individuals that receive welfare are those who are unable to provide for themselves or their family. These can include children, the elderly, and people with disabilities (Allard). In many cases welfare programs can also be called public assistance, social assistance, or even social welfare programs. Historical BackgroundThe beginning of public assistance can be tracked all the way back to the 1800ââ¬â¢s. During this time, government officials rarely took action to provide assistance to the poor. Instead, families, neighbors, and religious groups took it upon themselves to help people who had fallen by the wayside (Allard). During this time in history, the Christian doctrines, taught followers to feed the hungry, give drinks to the thirsty, and provide clothes for the naked (Streissguth). As a result of this, many rich nobles offered gifts of food and drink to those that were unable to provide for themselves. The traditional Catholic teachings taught individuals to be caring and to have empathy for those that were less fortunate. However, Protestant reform was beginning to take hold in many areas at this time and this change would soon disrupt the nature of charity. Many nations that w ere once Christian Catholic transformed to Protestant and then these nations later
Sunday, December 22, 2019
Book Report On With The Old Breed - 953 Words
Book Report on With the Old Breed by E.B. Sledge In the book, With the Old Breed, Eugene B. Sledge, shares his recollections from the perilous and triumphant events of World War II, while serving in the U.S. Marine Corps. During his time as a Marine, he fought two major battles against the Japanese, on the Pacific islands of Peleliu and Okinawa. Throughout the book, E.B. Sledge illustrates his encounters during the war and how they left an everlasting effect on his mind and view of life. As a member of the Company K, 3rd Battalion, and 1st Marine Division he illustrates the pride he developed in his division with the members he worked alongside. Nicknamed ââ¬Å"Sledgehammerâ⬠, Sledge also described the strong sense of camaraderie he developed and shared among his fellow soldiers. At the beginning of the memoir, Sledge describes his feelings and situations as a young adult enlisting into the military for World War II. Eventually after some weeks into his infantry training of bec oming a U.S. Marine, he learns the skills on how to become a strong and dependable soldier against the unforgiving army of the Japanese. During his time in combat, Sledge describes the strong and brash personalities of the Marine personnel he fights alongside and their persistence in working together to defeat the enemy. These personalities would include the outspoken and blunt NCOs (non-commissioned officers) who guided and presided over the group throughout the battlesShow MoreRelatedEssay on With the Old Breed Book Report1535 Words à |à 7 Pagesââ¬Å"With The Old Breedâ⬠begins with the start of the authorââ¬â¢s military career. Eugene Sledge was a freshman at Marion Military institute, his family pushing for him to eventually become an officer in the United States Army. But the authors desire to serve his country in battle with the enemy before the war was over was strong enough to make him end his college career and begin anew in the Marine Corps. Already while reading this book I felt closer and more understanding of the, because I too leftRead MorePayroll And Employee Time Tracking Management Systems1190 Words à |à 5 Pagesspecific functions with little or no integration between each system. In a larger sense, hospitality was hampered by legacy systems which were often incompatible and hard to update. [2] Since Stonebridge had acquired many hotels while growing, it had many old compatibility related problems. These hotelsââ¬â¢ management systems are inconsistent. â⬠¢ Invoice processing was inefficient and error prone. This process had been totally paper and manual based. Worse, aside from difficulty to find invoices, some invoicesRead MoreElijah of Buxton1531 Words à |à 7 Pages Elijah is the first generation of free-born members of his family. Escaping the oppression of the pre-Emancipation Proclamation and pre-Civil War torn United States, Elijah s family escaped to an established free-black community in Canada. The book focuses on events in Elijah s life - attending school, doing chores, fishing, and playing with his friends. Elijah experiences growing up free in a settlement of former and escaped slaves and he is just beginning to understand what that means whenRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1068 Words à |à 5 Pages Frederick Douglass: Narrative Of The Life Of F.D Frederick Douglass wrote several books, but one of his best selling books was: The narrative life of Frederick Douglass. This book talks about how crucial Frederickââ¬â¢s life was since a child. His mother was Harriet bailey, a dark skinned women who was a pure breed African. His Father was a white man, rumors were circling that his master was his father. Since a newborn he was separated from his mother, which means that he couldnââ¬â¢t remember how herRead MoreThe New Small : How A New Breed Of Businesses Is Harnessing The Power Of Emerging Technologies1196 Words à |à 5 PagesIntroduction of the Author This report is based upon the book The New Small: How a New breed of Businesses Is Harnessing the Power of Emerging Technologies, written by Phil Simon. The book was published by Motion Publishing and is copyrighted 2011 by Phil Simon. Phil Simon is the author of the Why New Systems Fail and The Next Wave of Technologies along with a few other management books. Phil consults companies on how to optimize their use of technology. While not consulting, Phil speaks about emergingRead MoreViolence in Todays Society1424 Words à |à 6 PagesEmergency Physicians, First Aid, CPR, and AED, 5th Edition Text Book, Page Three). Violence being the leading cause of death for children, adolescents and young adults is more prevalent than disease, cancer or congenital disorders. In Florida alone, violent habitual offenders admitted to state prisons increased 64% from January 2008 to May 2008 and 32.8% of offenders released are readmitted within three years (Trends in Prison Admissions Report. July 2008. Florida Department of Corrections. Page 72.) AlthoughRead MorePit Bulls: Are They Really the Monsters Theyre Made out to Be?2017 Words à |à 9 PagesThere are still people that have the misconception that the dogs are bad because of their breed and need to be banned or euthanized. In an article from the Christian Science Monitor entitled ââ¬Å"Dog pack murderâ⬠, a pit bull owner was charged with the murder of jogger. A 29-year-old pit bull owner charged with murder after four of eight dogs, six pit bulls and two mixed breeds that attacked and killed a 63-year-old woman Pamela Devitt. She was bitten anywhere from 150 to 200 times. The police used DNARead MoreMarketing Plan for Pet Shop with a twist3681 Words à |à 15 Pagesyears. Our current product line includes large and small breed dogs, pet food, supplies, grooming products, toys, and vitamins. Changes in the external environment called for Pet Market to develop a new marketing strategy. Pet Market conducted a SWOT analysis and performed quantitative research to identify areas of opportunity. The results helped us decide on these strategic changes: 1) eliminate large breed dog inventory (only sell small breed dogs), 2) develop new products (pet gift baskets), andRead MoreA Shared Sense Of History992 Words à |à 4 PagesIndigenous Australians, and also about looking at the chain of events, since colonisation, from their perspective. Up until the late 1960ââ¬â¢s it was celebrated that Australiaââ¬â¢s history was uniquely peaceful. There was no mention in Australiaââ¬â¢s history books of the frontier conflict, or even one mention of Aboriginal people. Indigenous Australians ââ¬Ëhave always been hereââ¬â¢, they are the sovereign peoples of this land and historically the oldest culture in the world. A shared sense of history is about tellingRead MoreAmerican Culture Breeds Violence Against Women1215 Words à |à 5 PagesAmerican culture breeds violence against women. In the US, hyper-sexualized images of women dominate the advertising campaigns of Fortune 500 companies. Still, women are deemed passive, overly emotional, and always seeking aid, primarily in the form of the hard bodied male hero. Cinematic depictions of women haven t improved since the 1950s. And the pornography industry, now more violent and exploitative than ever, rakes in more cash than Hollywood. Indeed, the notion that men should dominate
Saturday, December 14, 2019
ââ¬ËManhuntââ¬â¢ in comparison to ââ¬ËIn Paris with youââ¬â¢ Free Essays
Both poems focus on the difficulties of being close to another person after past experiences. The male speaker in the poem ââ¬ËIn Paris with Youââ¬â¢ is unwilling to discuss his experiences of the past because he was ââ¬Å"bamboozledâ⬠and is now focusing on the present, ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m on the reboundâ⬠. The husband in ââ¬ËThe Manhuntââ¬â¢ is similarly closed on the subject of the past because of his experience of war, ââ¬Å"The blown hinge of his lower jawâ⬠shows that he is unable to talk of his experience and it is like a door which is no longer open to his wife. We will write a custom essay sample on ââ¬ËManhuntââ¬â¢ in comparison to ââ¬ËIn Paris with youââ¬â¢ or any similar topic only for you Order Now The narrator of ââ¬ËIn Paris with Youââ¬â¢ does not want to spend time visiting famous parisian landmarks like ââ¬Å"Notre Dameâ⬠, instead he wants to stay in an ââ¬Å"Old hotel roomâ⬠having sex with the woman. This shows that the man does not want to spend time getting to know her but instead he uses her. The poet uses colloquial language ââ¬â ââ¬Å"downed a drink or twoâ⬠ââ¬â to reflect the lack of care for the woman. In ââ¬ËThe Manhuntââ¬â¢ the wife is searching for her husband who seems lost to her, metaphorically, after war. She is ââ¬Å"climbing the rungs of his broken ribsâ⬠which shows she is trying to reach his heart to let him know sheââ¬â¢s there, she is ââ¬Å"climbingâ⬠which takes a lot of effort in a gradual search for her husband. In ââ¬ËThe Manhuntââ¬â¢ the poet shows effort to connect with another person. On the other hand in ââ¬ËIn Paris with Youââ¬â¢ the man shows no effort in getting close to the woman, which is reflected by the colloquial language. How to cite ââ¬ËManhuntââ¬â¢ in comparison to ââ¬ËIn Paris with youââ¬â¢, Papers
Friday, December 6, 2019
Activity Based Costing of ABC
Questions: A computer manufacturer produces three types of devices: mobile phones, tablets, and computers. For the production of these three devices you have the following information: Phone Tablet Computer Material cost per unit 90 140 315 Direct labor hours per unit 2 2.5 4 Budgeted units 1,500,000 900,000 1,200,000 Labor cost per hour 8 Overhead costs per annum Utilities 20,000,000 Rent 15,000,000 Audit and legal 5,000,000 Administrative staff 40,000,000 Total 80,000,000 ABC analysis suggested that overhead costs are distributed to the three products according to the table below: Overheads Phone Tablet Computer Utilities 8,000,000 5,000,000 7,000,000 Rent 8,250,000 2,250,000 4,500,000 Audit and legal 2,900,000 1,250,000 850,000 Administrative staff 23,200,000 6,000,000 10,800,000 For each of the three products, the company aims at a different percentage for profit. Under the full absorption costing method and the targeted profit percentage, the prices of the three products should be: Phone Tablet Computer Full costing price 170.69 233.87 435.67 1. Calculate the aimed profit percentages for the three products and under the full absorption costing method, with overhead costs absorbed on the basis of direct labour hours. 2. Use the profit percentages that you derived in (1) and calculate the prices of the three products under the ABC system. 3. Recommend a cost system and include any changes that you would suggest to the pricing strategy of the computer company. Answers: 1.The following is the required solution: Budgeted units 1500000 900000 1200000 (Amounts in ) Particulars Phone Tablet Computer Direct material 1350,00,000.00 1260,00,000.00 3780,00,000.00 Direct labour 240,00,000.00 180,00,000.00 384,00,000.00 Overheads 238,80,597.01 179,10,447.76 382,08,955.22 800,00,000.00 in 30,00,000.00 22,50,000.00 48,00,000.00 100,50,000.00 Total cost 1828,80,597.01 1619,10,447.76 4546,08,955.22 divided by the number of budgeted units 15,00,000.00 9,00,000.00 12,00,000.00 Cost per unit 121.92 179.90 378.84 Price per unit 170.69 233.87 435.67 Profit 48.77 53.97 56.83 Profit in % 0.29 0.23 0.13 2.The following is the required solution: (Amounts in ) Budgeted units 15,00,000.00 9,00,000.00 12,00,000.00 Particulars Phone Tablet Computer Direct material 1350,00,000.00 1260,00,000.00 3780,00,000.00 Direct labour 240,00,000.00 180,00,000.00 384,00,000.00 Utilities 80,00,000.00 50,00,000.00 70,00,000.00 Rent 82,50,000.00 22,50,000.00 45,00,000.00 Audit and legal 29,00,000.00 12,50,000.00 8,50,000.00 Administrative staff 232,00,000.00 60,00,000.00 108,00,000.00 Total cost 2013,50,000.00 1585,00,000.00 4395,50,000.00 divided by the number of budgeted units 15,00,000.00 9,00,000.00 12,00,000.00 Cost per unit 134.23 176.11 366.29 Profit % 0.29 0.23 0.13 Price per unit 172.59 216.75 414.07 3.Activity based costing method is the method in which the cost to the various activities are allocated on the basis of the activity drivers in each of the product. This is the most logical method of allocating the cost since this is the way in which the cost will be allocated on the basis of the amount of the activities that are used in the business. (Accounting coach, 2015) The companies must go for the costing method that requires them to implement the ABC in the 5 step product costing sequence. In this, the direct costs that are associated with the cost of the object are identified. For a given object of the cost, the company attempts to identify all the costs that are currently being treated as the overhead cost and is capable of being traced directly to the product. The costs must be removed from the pool of the overheads and directly be traced to the product. This way the costs are started to be assigned to the individual products and jobs. (Classes.bus.oregonstate.edu, 2015) The following are the main advantages of the ABC due to which the company must go for it: The method takes into account the individual activities that are based upon the use of the resources The method enables the accurate costing of all the activities that are obtained throughout the organization With the help of this method, it is easier to identify the low and the high costs and the causes of the each. It serves as a valuable tool for both the business and for the improvement of the processes It helps in the planning of the future. (Managers-net.com, 2014) The second method of costing strategy seems logical since, the prices have been determine keeping in mind the ABC costing method. References: Managers-net.com, (2014). Activity Based Costing (ABC). Retrieved 19 October 2014, from https://www.managers-net.com/activityBC.html AccountingCoach.com, (2015). Activity Based Costing | Explanation | Accounting Coach. Retrieved 31 January 2015, from https://www.accountingcoach.com/activity-based-costing/explanation Classes.bus.oregonstate.edu, (2015). CHAPTER 11: ACTIVITY-BASED COSTING. Retrieved 31 January 2015, from https://classes.bus.oregonstate.edu/spring-07/ba422/Management%20Accounting%20Chapter%2011.htm
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